02. Common Trees

Table of characteristics of tree species common in the UK and US.

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Characteristics by Common Name

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Common Name	Arrangement	Type	Shape	Margin, Color, Other	Flowers	Sex	Fruit and Seeds	Bark
Apple	Alternate	Simple	Oval	Toothed	White or pink, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round pomes (apples)	Gray-brown, becoming scaly
Atlas Cedar	Needles	Sharp	Clustered	Blue-green, upright branching	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray, deeply fissured
Austrian Pine	Needles	In pairs	Stiff, straight	Dark green, long needles	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, gray-brown bark, becoming scaly
Bald Cypress	Alternate	Needle-like	Feathery	Deciduous, soft needles	Small, inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, round cones	Red-brown, fibrous, peeling bark
Bird Cherry	Alternate	Simple	Elliptical	Serrated	White, fragrant clusters	Hermaphrodite	Small black drupe	Smooth gray bark
Black Locust	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 7-21 oval leaflets	Smooth	White, fragrant, late spring	Hermaphrodite	Flattened pods	Deeply furrowed, dark gray-brown
Black Mulberry	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Serrated	Small, greenish flowers	Monoecious	Dark purple berries (drupes)	Smooth gray-brown bark, becoming fissured
Black Poplar	Alternate	Simple	Triangular	Finely serrated, long petiole	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Dark, deeply fissured bark
Black Walnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 15-23 leaflets	Serrated leaflets, aromatic	Inconspicuous catkins	Monoecious	Large, round nuts in green husks	Dark, deeply ridged and furrowed bark
Black/Common Alder	Alternate	Simple	Ovate to obovate, rounded	Finely serrated, glossy green	Small, green catkins	Monoecious	Woody cone-like fruit	Smooth, dark, with horizontal lenticels
Box Elder, Ash-leaved m.	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate, 3-7 leaflets	Coarsely toothed, bright green	Yellow-green	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, deeply ridged
Caucasian Wingnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 11-25 leaflets	Serrated	Green catkins	Monoecious	Winged nuts in long chains	Fissured gray-brown bark
Cedar of Lebanon	Needles	Sharp	Clustered	Dark green, flat-topped shape	Inconspicuous yellow-brown cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray, deeply fissured
Cider Gum	Alternate	Simple	Round (young), lance-shaped	Smooth, gray-green	White clusters	Hermaphrodite	Woody capsules	Smooth gray bark, peeling in strips
Coastal Redwood	Needles	Needle-like	Flat sprays, feathery	Dark green, reddish bark	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Thick, reddish-brown, fibrous bark
Common Ash	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate with 9-13 leaflets	Serrated leaflets, smooth gray bark	Small, greenish	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Common Hawthorn	Alternate	Simple	Deeply lobed	Toothed edges	White or pink, spring	Hermaphrodite	Red berries (pomes)	Gray-brown, ridged bark
Common Juniper	Needles	Sharp	In whorls of three	Blue-green above with a white stripe beneath	Small yellow cones	Dioecious	Blue-black berry-like cones	Reddish-brown, shredding bark
Common Yew	Needles	Soft	Needle-like	Dark green, red berries	Small, green flowers	Dioecious	Red, fleshy arils	Reddish-brown, scaly bark
Cornelian Cherry	Opposite	Simple	Elliptical	Smooth	Yellow, late winter-early spring	Hermaphrodite	Red drupes	Scaly, flaky gray-brown
Dawn Redwood	Opposite	Needle-like	Feathery	Deciduous, bright green needles	Small, inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, round cones	Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips
Deodar Cedar	Needles	Soft	Clustered	Drooping branches, blue-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray bark, deeply furrowed
Douglas Fir	Needles	Soft	Single needles	Blue-green, soft, cones have 3-pointed bracts	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Large, cylindrical cones	Thick, reddish-brown bark, deeply fissured
Downy Birch	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Serrated, slightly hairy on the underside	Yellow-brown catkins	Monoecious	Small, winged seeds	White, peeling bark
Eastern Cottonwood	Alternate	Simple	Triangular	Coarsely toothed, long petiole	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Thick, deeply fissured bark
Eastern Hemlock	Needles	Soft	Flat, arranged in two rows	Dark green, with white bands underneath	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, scaly bark
Eastern White Pine	Needles	In bundles of 5	Soft, bluish-green	Long, slender, flexible	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Long, cylindrical cones	Smooth, grayish-brown bark, becoming fissured
English Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed, rounded lobes	Deep sinuses	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Stalked acorns	Dark, deeply ridged bark
English Walnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 5-9 leaflets	Smooth	Greenish catkins	Monoecious	Large, round nuts in green husks	Smooth, gray bark
European Aspen	Alternate	Simple	Rounded, flattened petiole	Serrated margins, shaking in the wind	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Smooth, becoming deeply fissured with age
European Beech	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Smooth, slight wavy edges	Yellow-green flowers	Monoecious	Triangular nuts in woody husks	Smooth, gray bark
European Larch	Needles	Soft	In clusters	Shed in winter	Small, red-brown cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Smooth when young, developing fissures with age
Field Maple	Opposite	Simple	Lobes, rounded lobes	Smooth	Yellow-green, late spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, fissured with age
Giant Redwood/Sequoia	Awl-shaped	Scale-like	Soft	Bluish-green, thick bark	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, reddish-brown bark, deeply furrowed
Golden Larch	Needles	Soft	Needle-like, deciduous	Soft, turning golden in autumn	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Smooth, gray bark
Hackberry	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Serrated	Greenish-yellow, spring	Monoecious	Small, round drupes	Corky, warty ridges
Holly	Alternate	Simple	Spiny	Glossy, smooth or lobed	White, spring	Dioecious	Red berries (drupe)	Smooth when young, becoming rough with age
Holm Oak	Alternate	Simple	Elliptical, leathery	Smooth or spiny-toothed, evergreen	Inconspicuous catkins	Monoecious	Small acorns	Dark, rough, deeply fissured bark
Honey Locust	Alternate	Compound	Maybe doubly compound	Finely serrated leaflets	Greenish-white, late spring	Dioecious	Long, twisted pods	Furrowed, scaly brown bark
Horse Chestnut	Opposite	Compound	5-7 large leaflets	Serrated, palmate	White, candle-like flowers	Hermaphrodite	Spiky capsules with large seeds	Smooth, dark brown, fissured bark
Indian Bean Tree	Opposite	Simple	Very large, heart-shaped	Smooth, entire	White, showy flowers	Hermaphrodite	Long, thin seed pods	Thick, gray-brown, scaly bark
Kentucky Coffee Bean	Alternate	Compound	Bipinnate, 6-14 leaflets	Smooth, dark green, turning yellow in autumn	Greenish-white, late spring	Dioecious	Large, woody seed pods	Rough, fissured with vertical ridges
Large-leaved Lime	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Sharply serrated	Pale yellow, fragrant	Hermaphrodite	Round, winged nutlets	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Lawson's Cypress	Scale-like	Soft	Flat sprays	Blue-green, pyramidal shape	Inconspicuous	Monoecious	Small round cones	Red-brown, deeply fissured with age
London Plane	Alternate	Simple	Palmately lobed	Toothed	Small, yellow flowers	Monoecious	Spiky ball clusters of seeds	Pale gray-brown, peeling bark in plates
Maidenhair Tree	Alternate	Simple	Fan-shaped	Lobed or unlobed, leathery texture, bilobed notch	Inconspicuous, late spring	Dioecious	Fleshy, foul-smelling seeds	Smooth, light gray, becoming deeply ridged with age
Manna Ash	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate, 5-9 leaflets	Serrated	Creamy white flowers	Monoecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Monterey Pine	Needles	In clusters of 3	Long, dark green	Resinous cones, strong scent	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Woody, egg-shaped cones	Thick, dark brown, deeply fissured
Narrow-leaved Ash	Opposite	Compound	Narrow, pinnate with 5-13 leaflets	Serrated, narrower than common ash	Small, greenish	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Norway Maple	Opposite	Simple	5-lobed, pointed lobes	Coarsely toothed	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, becoming deeply fissured
Norway Spruce	Needles	Stiff	NaN	Four-sided	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Large, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, flaky bark
Paperbark Maple	Opposite	Compound	3-leaflets	Smooth, peeling bark, reddish in color	Small, yellow-green	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Peeling reddish-brown bark
Pear	Alternate	Simple	Oval to rounded	Smooth or finely serrated	White, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round pomes (pears)	Dark gray, scaly bark
Pin Oak	Alternate	Simple	Deeply lobed	Bristle-tipped, sharply cut lobes	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Small acorns	Dark brown, furrowed bark
Pink Chestnut	Opposite	Compound	5-7 leaflets	Serrated	Pink flowers	Hermaphrodite	Spiky capsules with large seeds	Smooth, dark brown, fissured bark
Quaking Aspen	Alternate	Simple	Rounded, flattened petiole	Serrated margins, trembling leaves	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Smooth, becoming fissured
Red Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed, pointed	Shallow sinuses, reddish autumn color	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Large acorns	Grayish-brown, rough bark with flat ridges
Red Spruce	Needles	Stiff	Short, sharp	Dark green, four-sided	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Dark brown, scaly bark
Rowan (Mountain Ash)	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 9-15 leaflets	Serrated	White, clusters	Hermaphrodite	Red berries (pomes)	Smooth, pale gray bark, becoming fissured
Sargent's Spruce	Needles	Stiff	Drooping branches	Bluish-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Large, woody cones	Dark brown, scaly bark
Scots Pine	Needles	In pairs	Stiff	Blue-green (young) to gray-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, orange-brown, flaky bark
Sessile Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed	Shallower sinuses than English Oak	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Acorns without stalks	Gray, deeply furrowed bark
Silver Birch	Alternate	Simple	Triangular or diamond-shaped	Serrated	Yellow-brown catkins	Monoecious	Small, winged seeds	White, papery, peeling bark
Silver Fir	Needles	Soft	Flattened	Silvery underside	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Upright cones	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Silver Maple	Opposite	Simple	Deeply lobed, 5 lobes	Serrated, silvery underside	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, shaggy bark
Small-leaved Elm	Alternate	Simple	Asymmetrical base	Toothed	Greenish clusters	Monoecious	Small, round, winged seeds (samaras)	Dark gray, deeply fissured bark
Small-leaved Lime	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Finely serrated	Pale yellow, fragrant	Hermaphrodite	Round, winged nutlets	Smooth gray bark, fissured with age
Southern Magnolia	Alternate	Simple	Large, oval	Leathery, evergreen	Large, white flowers	Hermaphrodite	Cone-like aggregates of red seeds	Smooth, gray bark
Staghorn Sumac	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 11-31 leaflets	Serrated	Small, yellow-green	Dioecious	Red, fuzzy drupes	Grayish-brown, with velvety branches
Sweet Chestnut	Alternate	Simple	Oblong-lanceolate	Sharply serrated	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Spiky burrs containing edible nuts	Smooth, dark brown, deep fissures with age
Sweetgum	Alternate	Simple	Star-shaped	Lobed with fine serrations	Yellow-green, early spring	Monoecious	Spiny, spherical capsules	Deeply furrowed, gray-brown
Sycamore	Opposite	Simple	5-lobed	Serrated, rounded sinuses	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, scaly
Tree of Heaven	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 10-41 leaflets	Smooth	Yellow-green, late spring	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, deeply ridged
Western Hemlock	Needles	Soft	Flat, arranged in two rows	Shorter needles, softer appearance	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, deeply furrowed bark
Western Red Cedar	Scale-like	Soft	In flat sprays	Smooth, glossy green above, white markings below	Inconspicuous	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Red-brown, fibrous bark, peeling in strips
Wild Cherry	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Finely serrated	White, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round red-black drupe	Dark gray-brown, smooth when young
Wych Elm	Alternate	Simple	Obovate	Asymmetrical base, serrated	Greenish clusters	Monoecious	Small, round, winged seeds (samaras)	Dark gray, deeply fissured bark

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Classfication to Common Name

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Common Name	Order	Family	Genus	Species
Apple	Rosales	Rosaceae	Malus	Malus domestica
Atlas Cedar	Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus atlantica
Austrian Pine	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus nigra
Bald Cypress	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Taxodium	Taxodium distichum
Bird Cherry	Rosales	Rosaceae	Prunus	Prunus padus
Black Locust	Fabales	Fabaceae	Robinia	Robinia pseudoacacia
Black Mulberry	Rosales	Moraceae	Morus	Morus nigra
Black Poplar	Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus nigra
Black Walnut	Fagales	Juglandaceae	Juglans	Juglans nigra
Black/Common Alder	Fagales	Betulaceae	Alnus	Alnus glutinosa
Box Elder, Ash-leaved m.	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer negundo
Caucasian Wingnut	Fagales	Juglandaceae	Pterocarya	Pterocarya fraxinifolia
Cedar of Lebanon	Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus libani
Cider Gum	Malvales	Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus	Eucalyptus gunnii
Coastal Redwood	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoia	Sequoia sempervirens
Common Ash	Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus excelsior
Common Hawthorn	Rosales	Rosaceae	Crataegus	Crataegus monogyna
Common Juniper	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Juniperus	Juniperus communis
Common Yew	Pinales	Taxaceae	Taxus	Taxus baccata
Cornelian Cherry	Cornales	Cornaceae	Cornus	Cornus mas
Dawn Redwood	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Metasequoia	Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Deodar Cedar	Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus deodara
Douglas Fir	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudotsuga	Pseudotsuga menziesii
Downy Birch	Fagales	Betulaceae	Betula	Betula pubescens
Eastern Cottonwood	Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus deltoides
Eastern Hemlock	Pinales	Pinaceae	Tsuga	Tsuga canadensis
Eastern White Pine	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus strobus
English Oak	Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus robur
English Walnut	Fagales	Juglandaceae	Juglans	Juglans regia
European Aspen	Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus tremula
European Beech	Fagales	Fagaceae	Fagus	Fagus sylvatica
European Larch	Pinales	Pinaceae	Larix	Larix decidua
Field Maple	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer campestre
Giant Redwood/Sequoia	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoiadendron	Sequoiadendron giganteum
Golden Larch	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudolarix	Pseudolarix amabilis
Hackberry	Rosales	Ulmaceae	Celtis	Celtis occidentalis
Holly	Ericales	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex	Ilex aquifolium
Holm Oak	Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus ilex
Honey Locust	Fabales	Fabaceae	Gleditsia	Gleditsia triacanthos
Horse Chestnut	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Aesculus	Aesculus hippocastanum
Indian Bean Tree	Lamiales	Bignoniaceae	Catalpa	Catalpa bignonioides
Kentucky Coffee Bean	Fabales	Fabaceae	Gymnocladus	Gymnocladus dioicus
Large-leaved Lime	Malvales	Malvaceae	Tilia	Tilia platyphyllos
Lawson's Cypress	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Chamaecyparis	Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
London Plane	Proteales	Platanaceae	Platanus	Platanus × hispanica
Maidenhair Tree	Ginkgoales	Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	Ginkgo biloba
Manna Ash	Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus ornus
Monterey Pine	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus radiata
Narrow-leaved Ash	Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus angustifolia
Norway Maple	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer platanoides
Norway Spruce	Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea abies
Paperbark Maple	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer griseum
Pear	Rosales	Rosaceae	Pyrus	Pyrus communis
Pin Oak	Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus palustris
Pink Chestnut	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Aesculus	Aesculus × carnea
Quaking Aspen	Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus tremuloides
Red Oak	Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus rubra
Red Spruce	Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea rubens
Rowan (Mountain Ash)	Rosales	Rosaceae	Sorbus	Sorbus aucuparia
Sargent's Spruce	Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea breweriana
Scots Pine	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus sylvestris
Sessile Oak	Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus petraea
Silver Birch	Fagales	Betulaceae	Betula	Betula pendula
Silver Fir	Pinales	Pinaceae	Abies	Abies alba
Silver Maple	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer saccharinum
Small-leaved Elm	Rosales	Ulmaceae	Ulmus	Ulmus minor
Small-leaved Lime	Malvales	Malvaceae	Tilia	Tilia cordata
Southern Magnolia	Magnoliales	Magnoliaceae	Magnolia	Magnolia grandiflora
Staghorn Sumac	Sapindales	Anacardiaceae	Rhus	Rhus typhina
Sweet Chestnut	Fagales	Fagaceae	Castanea	Castanea sativa
Sweetgum	Saxifragales	Altingiaceae	Liquidambar	Liquidambar styraciflua
Sycamore	Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer pseudoplatanus
Tree of Heaven	Sapindales	Simaroubaceae	Ailanthus	Ailanthus altissimus
Western Hemlock	Pinales	Pinaceae	Tsuga	Tsuga heterophylla
Western Red Cedar	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Thuja	Thuja plicata
Wild Cherry	Rosales	Rosaceae	Prunus	Prunus avium
Wych Elm	Rosales	Ulmaceae	Ulmus	Ulmus glabra

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All Data

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Order	Family	Genus	Species	Common Name	Arrangement	Type	Shape	Margin, Color, Other	Flowers	Sex	Fruit and Seeds	Bark
Cornales	Cornaceae	Cornus	Cornus mas	Cornelian Cherry	Opposite	Simple	Elliptical	Smooth	Yellow, late winter-early spring	Hermaphrodite	Red drupes	Scaly, flaky gray-brown
Ericales	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex	Ilex aquifolium	Holly	Alternate	Simple	Spiny	Glossy, smooth or lobed	White, spring	Dioecious	Red berries (drupe)	Smooth when young, becoming rough with age
Fabales	Fabaceae	Gleditsia	Gleditsia triacanthos	Honey Locust	Alternate	Compound	Maybe doubly compound	Finely serrated leaflets	Greenish-white, late spring	Dioecious	Long, twisted pods	Furrowed, scaly brown bark
Fabales	Fabaceae	Gymnocladus	Gymnocladus dioicus	Kentucky Coffee Bean	Alternate	Compound	Bipinnate, 6-14 leaflets	Smooth, dark green, turning yellow in autumn	Greenish-white, late spring	Dioecious	Large, woody seed pods	Rough, fissured with vertical ridges
Fabales	Fabaceae	Robinia	Robinia pseudoacacia	Black Locust	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 7-21 oval leaflets	Smooth	White, fragrant, late spring	Hermaphrodite	Flattened pods	Deeply furrowed, dark gray-brown
Fagales	Betulaceae	Alnus	Alnus glutinosa	Black/Common Alder	Alternate	Simple	Ovate to obovate, rounded	Finely serrated, glossy green	Small, green catkins	Monoecious	Woody cone-like fruit	Smooth, dark, with horizontal lenticels
Fagales	Betulaceae	Betula	Betula pendula	Silver Birch	Alternate	Simple	Triangular or diamond-shaped	Serrated	Yellow-brown catkins	Monoecious	Small, winged seeds	White, papery, peeling bark
Fagales	Betulaceae	Betula	Betula pubescens	Downy Birch	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Serrated, slightly hairy on the underside	Yellow-brown catkins	Monoecious	Small, winged seeds	White, peeling bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Castanea	Castanea sativa	Sweet Chestnut	Alternate	Simple	Oblong-lanceolate	Sharply serrated	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Spiky burrs containing edible nuts	Smooth, dark brown, deep fissures with age
Fagales	Fagaceae	Fagus	Fagus sylvatica	European Beech	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Smooth, slight wavy edges	Yellow-green flowers	Monoecious	Triangular nuts in woody husks	Smooth, gray bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus ilex	Holm Oak	Alternate	Simple	Elliptical, leathery	Smooth or spiny-toothed, evergreen	Inconspicuous catkins	Monoecious	Small acorns	Dark, rough, deeply fissured bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus palustris	Pin Oak	Alternate	Simple	Deeply lobed	Bristle-tipped, sharply cut lobes	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Small acorns	Dark brown, furrowed bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus petraea	Sessile Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed	Shallower sinuses than English Oak	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Acorns without stalks	Gray, deeply furrowed bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus robur	English Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed, rounded lobes	Deep sinuses	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Stalked acorns	Dark, deeply ridged bark
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercus	Quercus rubra	Red Oak	Alternate	Simple	Lobed, pointed	Shallow sinuses, reddish autumn color	Yellow-green catkins	Monoecious	Large acorns	Grayish-brown, rough bark with flat ridges
Fagales	Juglandaceae	Juglans	Juglans nigra	Black Walnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 15-23 leaflets	Serrated leaflets, aromatic	Inconspicuous catkins	Monoecious	Large, round nuts in green husks	Dark, deeply ridged and furrowed bark
Fagales	Juglandaceae	Juglans	Juglans regia	English Walnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 5-9 leaflets	Smooth	Greenish catkins	Monoecious	Large, round nuts in green husks	Smooth, gray bark
Fagales	Juglandaceae	Pterocarya	Pterocarya fraxinifolia	Caucasian Wingnut	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 11-25 leaflets	Serrated	Green catkins	Monoecious	Winged nuts in long chains	Fissured gray-brown bark
Ginkgoales	Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	Ginkgo biloba	Maidenhair Tree	Alternate	Simple	Fan-shaped	Lobed or unlobed, leathery texture, bilobed notch	Inconspicuous, late spring	Dioecious	Fleshy, foul-smelling seeds	Smooth, light gray, becoming deeply ridged with age
Lamiales	Bignoniaceae	Catalpa	Catalpa bignonioides	Indian Bean Tree	Opposite	Simple	Very large, heart-shaped	Smooth, entire	White, showy flowers	Hermaphrodite	Long, thin seed pods	Thick, gray-brown, scaly bark
Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus angustifolia	Narrow-leaved Ash	Opposite	Compound	Narrow, pinnate with 5-13 leaflets	Serrated, narrower than common ash	Small, greenish	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus excelsior	Common Ash	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate with 9-13 leaflets	Serrated leaflets, smooth gray bark	Small, greenish	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Lamiales	Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Fraxinus ornus	Manna Ash	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate, 5-9 leaflets	Serrated	Creamy white flowers	Monoecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Magnoliales	Magnoliaceae	Magnolia	Magnolia grandiflora	Southern Magnolia	Alternate	Simple	Large, oval	Leathery, evergreen	Large, white flowers	Hermaphrodite	Cone-like aggregates of red seeds	Smooth, gray bark
Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus deltoides	Eastern Cottonwood	Alternate	Simple	Triangular	Coarsely toothed, long petiole	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Thick, deeply fissured bark
Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus nigra	Black Poplar	Alternate	Simple	Triangular	Finely serrated, long petiole	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Dark, deeply fissured bark
Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus tremula	European Aspen	Alternate	Simple	Rounded, flattened petiole	Serrated margins, shaking in the wind	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Smooth, becoming deeply fissured with age
Malpighiales	Salicaceae	Populus	Populus tremuloides	Quaking Aspen	Alternate	Simple	Rounded, flattened petiole	Serrated margins, trembling leaves	Catkins	Dioecious	Cottony seeds in capsules	Smooth, becoming fissured
Malvales	Malvaceae	Tilia	Tilia cordata	Small-leaved Lime	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Finely serrated	Pale yellow, fragrant	Hermaphrodite	Round, winged nutlets	Smooth gray bark, fissured with age
Malvales	Malvaceae	Tilia	Tilia platyphyllos	Large-leaved Lime	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Sharply serrated	Pale yellow, fragrant	Hermaphrodite	Round, winged nutlets	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Malvales	Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus	Eucalyptus gunnii	Cider Gum	Alternate	Simple	Round (young), lance-shaped	Smooth, gray-green	White clusters	Hermaphrodite	Woody capsules	Smooth gray bark, peeling in strips
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Chamaecyparis	Chamaecyparis lawsoniana	Lawson's Cypress	Scale-like	Soft	Flat sprays	Blue-green, pyramidal shape	Inconspicuous	Monoecious	Small round cones	Red-brown, deeply fissured with age
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Juniperus	Juniperus communis	Common Juniper	Needles	Sharp	In whorls of three	Blue-green above with a white stripe beneath	Small yellow cones	Dioecious	Blue-black berry-like cones	Reddish-brown, shredding bark
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Metasequoia	Metasequoia glyptostroboides	Dawn Redwood	Opposite	Needle-like	Feathery	Deciduous, bright green needles	Small, inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, round cones	Reddish-brown, peeling in vertical strips
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoia	Sequoia sempervirens	Coastal Redwood	Needles	Needle-like	Flat sprays, feathery	Dark green, reddish bark	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Thick, reddish-brown, fibrous bark
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoiadendron	Sequoiadendron giganteum	Giant Redwood/Sequoia	Awl-shaped	Scale-like	Soft	Bluish-green, thick bark	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, reddish-brown bark, deeply furrowed
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Taxodium	Taxodium distichum	Bald Cypress	Alternate	Needle-like	Feathery	Deciduous, soft needles	Small, inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, round cones	Red-brown, fibrous, peeling bark
Pinales	Cupressaceae	Thuja	Thuja plicata	Western Red Cedar	Scale-like	Soft	In flat sprays	Smooth, glossy green above, white markings below	Inconspicuous	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Red-brown, fibrous bark, peeling in strips
Pinales	Pinaceae	Abies	Abies alba	Silver Fir	Needles	Soft	Flattened	Silvery underside	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Upright cones	Smooth gray bark, becoming fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus atlantica	Atlas Cedar	Needles	Sharp	Clustered	Blue-green, upright branching	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray, deeply fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus deodara	Deodar Cedar	Needles	Soft	Clustered	Drooping branches, blue-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray bark, deeply furrowed
Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	Cedrus libani	Cedar of Lebanon	Needles	Sharp	Clustered	Dark green, flat-topped shape	Inconspicuous yellow-brown cones	Monoecious	Barrel-shaped cones	Thick, dark gray, deeply fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Larix	Larix decidua	European Larch	Needles	Soft	In clusters	Shed in winter	Small, red-brown cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Smooth when young, developing fissures with age
Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea abies	Norway Spruce	Needles	Stiff	NaN	Four-sided	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Large, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, flaky bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea breweriana	Sargent's Spruce	Needles	Stiff	Drooping branches	Bluish-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Large, woody cones	Dark brown, scaly bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea rubens	Red Spruce	Needles	Stiff	Short, sharp	Dark green, four-sided	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Dark brown, scaly bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus nigra	Austrian Pine	Needles	In pairs	Stiff, straight	Dark green, long needles	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, gray-brown bark, becoming scaly
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus radiata	Monterey Pine	Needles	In clusters of 3	Long, dark green	Resinous cones, strong scent	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Woody, egg-shaped cones	Thick, dark brown, deeply fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus strobus	Eastern White Pine	Needles	In bundles of 5	Soft, bluish-green	Long, slender, flexible	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Long, cylindrical cones	Smooth, grayish-brown bark, becoming fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	Pinus sylvestris	Scots Pine	Needles	In pairs	Stiff	Blue-green (young) to gray-green	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, egg-shaped cones	Thick, orange-brown, flaky bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudolarix	Pseudolarix amabilis	Golden Larch	Needles	Soft	Needle-like, deciduous	Soft, turning golden in autumn	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, woody cones	Smooth, gray bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudotsuga	Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas Fir	Needles	Soft	Single needles	Blue-green, soft, cones have 3-pointed bracts	Small, yellow cones	Monoecious	Large, cylindrical cones	Thick, reddish-brown bark, deeply fissured
Pinales	Pinaceae	Tsuga	Tsuga canadensis	Eastern Hemlock	Needles	Soft	Flat, arranged in two rows	Dark green, with white bands underneath	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, scaly bark
Pinales	Pinaceae	Tsuga	Tsuga heterophylla	Western Hemlock	Needles	Soft	Flat, arranged in two rows	Shorter needles, softer appearance	Inconspicuous cones	Monoecious	Small, cylindrical cones	Reddish-brown, deeply furrowed bark
Pinales	Taxaceae	Taxus	Taxus baccata	Common Yew	Needles	Soft	Needle-like	Dark green, red berries	Small, green flowers	Dioecious	Red, fleshy arils	Reddish-brown, scaly bark
Proteales	Platanaceae	Platanus	Platanus × hispanica	London Plane	Alternate	Simple	Palmately lobed	Toothed	Small, yellow flowers	Monoecious	Spiky ball clusters of seeds	Pale gray-brown, peeling bark in plates
Rosales	Moraceae	Morus	Morus nigra	Black Mulberry	Alternate	Simple	Heart-shaped	Serrated	Small, greenish flowers	Monoecious	Dark purple berries (drupes)	Smooth gray-brown bark, becoming fissured
Rosales	Rosaceae	Crataegus	Crataegus monogyna	Common Hawthorn	Alternate	Simple	Deeply lobed	Toothed edges	White or pink, spring	Hermaphrodite	Red berries (pomes)	Gray-brown, ridged bark
Rosales	Rosaceae	Malus	Malus domestica	Apple	Alternate	Simple	Oval	Toothed	White or pink, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round pomes (apples)	Gray-brown, becoming scaly
Rosales	Rosaceae	Prunus	Prunus avium	Wild Cherry	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Finely serrated	White, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round red-black drupe	Dark gray-brown, smooth when young
Rosales	Rosaceae	Prunus	Prunus padus	Bird Cherry	Alternate	Simple	Elliptical	Serrated	White, fragrant clusters	Hermaphrodite	Small black drupe	Smooth gray bark
Rosales	Rosaceae	Pyrus	Pyrus communis	Pear	Alternate	Simple	Oval to rounded	Smooth or finely serrated	White, spring	Hermaphrodite	Round pomes (pears)	Dark gray, scaly bark
Rosales	Rosaceae	Sorbus	Sorbus aucuparia	Rowan (Mountain Ash)	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 9-15 leaflets	Serrated	White, clusters	Hermaphrodite	Red berries (pomes)	Smooth, pale gray bark, becoming fissured
Rosales	Ulmaceae	Celtis	Celtis occidentalis	Hackberry	Alternate	Simple	Ovate	Serrated	Greenish-yellow, spring	Monoecious	Small, round drupes	Corky, warty ridges
Rosales	Ulmaceae	Ulmus	Ulmus glabra	Wych Elm	Alternate	Simple	Obovate	Asymmetrical base, serrated	Greenish clusters	Monoecious	Small, round, winged seeds (samaras)	Dark gray, deeply fissured bark
Rosales	Ulmaceae	Ulmus	Ulmus minor	Small-leaved Elm	Alternate	Simple	Asymmetrical base	Toothed	Greenish clusters	Monoecious	Small, round, winged seeds (samaras)	Dark gray, deeply fissured bark
Sapindales	Anacardiaceae	Rhus	Rhus typhina	Staghorn Sumac	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 11-31 leaflets	Serrated	Small, yellow-green	Dioecious	Red, fuzzy drupes	Grayish-brown, with velvety branches
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer campestre	Field Maple	Opposite	Simple	Lobes, rounded lobes	Smooth	Yellow-green, late spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, fissured with age
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer griseum	Paperbark Maple	Opposite	Compound	3-leaflets	Smooth, peeling bark, reddish in color	Small, yellow-green	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Peeling reddish-brown bark
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer negundo	Box Elder, Ash-leaved m.	Opposite	Compound	Pinnate, 3-7 leaflets	Coarsely toothed, bright green	Yellow-green	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, deeply ridged
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer platanoides	Norway Maple	Opposite	Simple	5-lobed, pointed lobes	Coarsely toothed	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, becoming deeply fissured
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer pseudoplatanus	Sycamore	Opposite	Simple	5-lobed	Serrated, rounded sinuses	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, scaly
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer saccharinum	Silver Maple	Opposite	Simple	Deeply lobed, 5 lobes	Serrated, silvery underside	Yellow-green, spring	Hermaphrodite	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, shaggy bark
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Aesculus	Aesculus hippocastanum	Horse Chestnut	Opposite	Compound	5-7 large leaflets	Serrated, palmate	White, candle-like flowers	Hermaphrodite	Spiky capsules with large seeds	Smooth, dark brown, fissured bark
Sapindales	Sapindaceae	Aesculus	Aesculus × carnea	Pink Chestnut	Opposite	Compound	5-7 leaflets	Serrated	Pink flowers	Hermaphrodite	Spiky capsules with large seeds	Smooth, dark brown, fissured bark
Sapindales	Simaroubaceae	Ailanthus	Ailanthus altissimus	Tree of Heaven	Alternate	Compound	Pinnate, 10-41 leaflets	Smooth	Yellow-green, late spring	Dioecious	Winged seeds (samaras)	Pale gray, deeply ridged
Saxifragales	Altingiaceae	Liquidambar	Liquidambar styraciflua	Sweetgum	Alternate	Simple	Star-shaped	Lobed with fine serrations	Yellow-green, early spring	Monoecious	Spiny, spherical capsules	Deeply furrowed, gray-brown

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